Elstow Garden Villages
Elstow
Elstow is a village and civil parish in the English county of Bedfordshire. John Bunyan, was born in the hamlet of Harrowden which, although not in the parish of Elstow, stands just a mile east of the actual village.
Countess Judith, niece of William the Conqueror founded a nunnery in Elstow in the year 1078. The Elstow nuns came from wealthy families and each came with an endowment of money and/or lands. So, by 1538 Elstow Abbey was valued as being the eighth richest Benedictine nunnery in England. On 26 August 1539, the Abbess was forced to surrender the Abbey, the manor of Elstow and all the Abbey's other lands and estates throughout England, to King Henry VIII, as part of his Dissolution of the Monasteries. So significant was the Abbey at Elstow that, even after the dissollution, the building was being considered for elevation to cathedral status, but this never transpired.
The Saunderson Tractor and Implement Co. was founded in Elstow in 1890: it was one of the biggest tractor makers by the time of the First World War. From an undisclosed date the firm continued as the Bedford Plough and Engineering Co.
Elstow Moot Hall
Elstow Moot Hall (or the Green House, as it was formerly known) stands in isolation on Elstow village green. It was built in the 15th century partly to serve as a market-house, with four shops on the ground floor. The building was extended, probably in the late 15th century, adding two more shop bays and two rooms suitable for living in. The latter were probably used to accommodate important visitors to the nearby Abbey. For many years, it was thought that the downstairs shop bays were used between annual village fairs for storing the stalls and other equipment in connection with the Abbey's bi-annual fairs. However, recent investigations into their construction indicate that these six downstairs shop bays were probably permanent shops, used throughout the whole year. The main upper room of this Tudor timber-framed building was probably originally used as the Abbess' court. It was certainly used after the dissolution as a manor court - where people who had committed local misdemeanors and petty crimes would be dealt with. Disputes arising from the fairs would also be heard and settled here. It was probably also used through most of its history as a village meeting place - hence the present name - Moot (meaning 'meeting') Hall. Throughout much of the 19th century, the upper room was used every Sunday both as a school and, in the evening, by the Elstow congregation of the Bunyan Meeting Church, as a place of worship. Moot Hall was restored to its original medieval form by Bedfordshire County Council in 1950. It is now cared for by Bedford Borough Council, which operates it as a museum illustrating 17th century English life, with exhibitions of antique furniture and information relating to John Bunyan. Moot Hall is also used for art exhibitions, private and public meetings and is available to use for private functions, such as small receptions and musical evenings.
Elstow Abbey
The monastery was known to have been involved in numerous lawsuits, with an array of monasteries including that of Dunstable Priory, Newhouse and St Albans Abbey, concerning the advowson of various parishes. The nuns often appear to have resorted to aggressive behaviour. There was further trouble in the 14th century when the nearby hospital of St Leonard needed to close and divert a footpath used by the abbey, for the purpose of building construction. The abbess objected and even following a lawsuit in which the abbey lost, they still prevented the work for a further two years until the hospital successfully sought intervention by the Crown, obtaining letters patent.
Further incidents followed:
In 1337 Elizabeth Morteyn, who was then abbess, claimed the 'third penny' from the town of Bedford, in virtue of an alleged grant from Malcolm IV, King of Scotland; the case was carried before Parliament, and the burgesses were successful in proving that Malcolm never had any lordship in the town.
There were numerous reports and complaints of unorthodox behaviour, with a visiting bishop commenting that there was 'too much wandering of the nuns out of the monastery.' Also, as many of the nuns and usually the abbess came from high ranking families, they had friends at court who often visited and even stayed in the monastery purely for social reasons. Some 'secular' women even seem to have been living in the monastery and eventually Bishop Gynwell ordered that none were to stay except those granted a special license to do so. Even so, in 1379 Bishop Buckingham had to order the abbess to dismiss all secular persons from the monastery.
Various records of subsequent years show that little ever improved and if anything the monastery became increasingly secularised, with the nuns maintaining individual households, dining with friends and wearing secular clothing. Successive attempts at intervention seem to have been unsuccessful and probably ignored.